Persephone Books was founded for the purpose of ‘republishing new and rediscovered 20th century fiction and non-fiction by women, for women and about women’. These elegant books with their grey covers and beautiful end papers chronicle the lives of women between and during the World Wars and as (with a few exceptions) the books are written by women and, because of their time frame, it is inevitable that they will have a strong domestic background.
Books such as Hostages to Fortune by Elizabeth Cambridge and Princes in the Land by Joanna Cannan, have the same theme – family and home. The never ending drudgery involved in the day to day living portrayed in these stories seems to a modern female reader to be almost unbelievable
The Homemaker is a perfect illustration of a woman trapped in this daily grind. Its author, Dorothy Canfield Fisher was an educational reformer and was responsible for introducing the Montessori Method of child rearing to the United States. As well as adult books she also wrote for children, one of the most well know being Understood Betsy portraying a school run on Montessori lines. This method is based on the observing of young children, learning about their characteristics and needs, and emphasising the uniqueness of each child while recognising that children are different from adults in the way they develop and feel.
At the beginning of the story we meet Eva, the Homemaker, caught in a never ending cycle of housework, cooking and cleaning. She is quick witted, fiercely intelligent and creative and totally unable to bring about any change in her circumstances. Her husband, Lester, also suffers, being deeply unhappy in his work, hating the world of commerce in which he is involved, and dreaming of writing poetry. Quiet and gentle he is the antithesis of the fiery Eva. On first reading one wonders just how two such disparate personalities ever married. They have three children who suffer in their own way from the tensions in the marriage: Stephen, the youngest, throwing tantrums and in a state of permanent warfare with his parents, Henry with a weak stomach and Helen, nervous and lacking in self confidence. Neither Lester nor Eva has any time to devote to their children and to view them as anything other than a worry and a burden.
Lester suffers a crippling accident making him unfit for work, and finds himself in the position of homemaker. After spending time with them he realises that ‘he had never watched his children grow before’. After he has been home for some weeks observing Stephen he realises that something is deeply troubling him. When Stephen finally confides in his father, Lester discovers that Stephen is terrified Eva is going to take his beloved teddy away and wash it:
‘Don’t let him be washed father. Don’t let him! He raised his streaming eyes agonizingly towards his father, his whole face quivering’.
Lester is horrified to find himself in the position of total power over another human being, one who had no appeal against any decision he might make. I always find this scene incredibly moving especially when Lester realises ‘what a fathomless blackness of uncertainty’ his son must have felt. The worst thing is that neither he, nor Eva, had ever given a thought to Stephen’s feelings at all.
In another pivotal scene Dorothy Canfield Fisher gives the reader a perfect example of the Montessori Method of self-directed learning. Lester sits and watches Stephen quietly and determinately teaching himself how to use an egg whisk and beat an egg
‘Stephen did not flinch. He felt he almost had it……his back and legs ached, but he did not stop’
Gradually with the encouraging presence of their father the children’s strained nerves slowly relax and their characters expand and blossom.And what of Eva? At the start of the book we found her almost at screaming pitch and on the verge of a breakdown. While Lester is at home, all unknowingly becoming a Montessori father, she is out in the world making her own voyage of self discovery. Busy and vital, ideas flowing and energies channeled, she is a woman transformed. Once Eva has found the opportunity of fulfilling her potential her problems, both physical and mental disappear. Like Lester, she has found her correct place in the scheme of things.
So we now come to the question - why do I love this book so much? First of all, it is a damn good read about role reversal and an unhappy marriage. Sit down with a cup of tea and a chocolate biscuit and just enjoy every page. That will satisfy you. Then the second time around, you realise there is a lot more to it than you thought. You don’t have to know that Dorothy Canfield Fisher believed in the Montessori Method to appreciate this book, you just have to know that she has an innate understanding of how a child’s mind works. So you read the book from the child’s point of view and learn a great deal more than the first time around. Then you go back to it again, and this time realise that this is a feminist book with the author having the courage to demonstrate that it is not necessary for a woman to be a Homemaker, a man can do it just as well. Pretty radical thinking at the time.
Dorothy Canfield Fisher was regarded by no less a personage than Eleanor Roosevelt as one of the ten most important women in America and after reading this book, you are certainly not going to argue with her.
The Homemaker is timeless - it may be set in small town America in the 1920s, but just take a look at the title of one of most successful TV programmes in the USA in the year 2006 – ‘Desperate Housewives’. Makes you think.
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